Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Omicron bwiganje?

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Omicron bwiganje? Tuvuge iki ku itumanaho? Imbere yuburyo bushya bwa COVID-19, abaturage bakwiye kwitondera iki mumirimo yabo ya buri munsi? Reba igisubizo cya komisiyo yigihugu yubuzima kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye

Ikibazo: Niki kuvumbura no gukwirakwizwa kwa Omicron?
Igisubizo: Ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 2021, bwa mbere muri Afurika y'Epfo hagaragaye impinduka ya COVID-19 B.1.1.529. Mu byumweru bibiri gusa, mutant yabaye ihinduka ryiganje mu kwandura amakamba mashya mu Ntara ya Gauteng, Afurika y'Epfo, ikura vuba. Ku ya 26 Ugushyingo, wasobanuye ko ari “variant of gatanu” (VOC), yise inyuguti y'Ikigereki Omicron variant. Kuva ku ya 28 Ugushyingo, Afurika y'Epfo, Isiraheli, Ububiligi, Ubutaliyani, Ubwongereza, Otirishiya na Hong Kong, Ubushinwa bwari bwakurikiranye iyinjizwa rya mutant. Igitekerezo cya mutant nticyabonetse mu zindi ntara n’imijyi yo mu Bushinwa. Impinduka ya Omicron yavumbuwe bwa mbere kandi ivugwa muri Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ntibisobanura ko virusi yabayeho muri Afurika y'Epfo, kandi aho yavumbuwe na mutant ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ikomoka.

Ikibazo: Ni izihe mpamvu zishoboka zituma habaho ihinduka rya Omicron?

Igisubizo: Dukurikije amakuru asangiwe na COVID-19 base base GISAID, umubare wimbuga za mutation za variant ya COVID-19′s wari mwinshi cyane ugereranije nizindi zose za COVID-19 mumyaka 2 ishize, cyane cyane muri Spike. Bikekwa ko hashobora kubaho impamvu eshatu zikurikira:
(1) nyuma yo kwandura COVID-19, abarwayi babuze ubudahangarwa bahuye nihindagurika ryigihe kirekire kandi bakusanya ihinduka ryinshi mumubiri.
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(3) ihinduka ryabaye muri genome ya COVID-19 kuva kera mubihugu cyangwa uturere twasigaye inyuma. Bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwo gukurikirana, ihindagurika rya virusi yo hagati ntishobora kuboneka mugihe.

Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhinduranya ibintu bya Omicron?
Igisubizo: Kugeza ubu, nta makuru y’ubushakashatsi atunganijwe yerekeye kwanduza, kwanduza indwara no kwirinda indwara ya Omicron mutant ku isi. Nyamara, Omicron mutant ifite kandi ibibanza byingenzi bya mutation ya amino acide ya alfa (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma) na delta (delta) spike proteine ​​za mutant enye za mbere za VOC, harimo na mutation zongera imbaraga za reseptor selile na virusi ubushobozi bwo kwigana. Icyorezo cya Epidemiologiya na laboratoire cyerekana ko umubare w'abantu banduye Omicron mutant muri Afurika y'Epfo wiyongereye cyane kandi usimbuza igice cya delta mutant. Ubushobozi bwo kohereza bukeneye gukurikiranwa nubushakashatsi.

Ikibazo: Nigute variant ya Omicron igira ingaruka ku nkingo n'imiti ya antibody?
Igisubizo: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko niba ihinduka rya K417N, E484A cyangwa N501Y ribaye muri poroteyine ya COVID-19 S, ubushobozi bwo guhunga ubudahangarwa buziyongera. Habayeho ihinduka rya gatatu rya "k417n + e484a + n501y" muri Omicron mutant; Byongeye kandi, hari izindi mutation nyinshi zishobora kugabanya ibikorwa byo kutabogama kwa antibodi zimwe na zimwe. Ihindagurika ry’imihindagurikire y’imiterere rishobora kugabanya ingaruka zo gukingira imiti ya antibody kuri mutant ya Omicron, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhunga ubudahangarwa bw’inkingo zihari bugomba gukomeza gukurikiranwa no kwigwa.

Ikibazo: Ese mutant ya Omicron igira ingaruka kuri reagent ya nucleic acide ikoreshwa mubushinwa?
Igisubizo: Isesengura rusange ryakozwe na Omicron mutant ryerekanye ko aho ihindagurika ryayo ritagize ingaruka ku myumvire n’imiterere y’imiterere y’imisemburo ya nucleic aside mu Bushinwa. Ibibanza byahinduwe na mutation byibanze cyane cyane mukarere kinshi ka proteine ​​ya S, ntabwo iherereye muri primer na probe agace ka nucleic aside detection reagent yasohotse ku nshuro ya 8 ya gahunda ya New Coronavirus pneumonia yo gukumira no kurwanya indwara (ORF1ab gene na N gene yarekuwe nindwara ya virusi ya CDC mubushinwa kwisi). Nyamara, amakuru yaturutse muri laboratoire nyinshi zo muri Afurika yepfo yerekana ko aside nucleique igaragara hamwe nintego yo kumenya S gene idashobora kumenya neza gene S ya mutant ya Omicron.

Ikibazo: Ni izihe ngamba zafashwe n'ibihugu n'uturere bireba?
Igisubizo: Urebye icyorezo cy’icyorezo cya Omicron muri Afurika yepfo, ibihugu byinshi n’uturere, harimo Amerika, Ubwongereza, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Uburusiya, Isiraheli, Tayiwani na Hong Kong, byabujije kwinjira ba mukerarugendo kuva Afurika y'Epfo.

Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhangana n'Ubushinwa?
Igisubizo: Ingamba zo gukumira no kugenzura “kwinjiza hanze no kwirwanaho imbere” mu Bushinwa ziracyafite akamaro kuri mutant ya Omicron. Ikigo cy’indwara ziterwa na virusi y’ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara cyashyizeho uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenya aside nucleique ya mutant ya Omicron, kandi ikomeje gukora igenzura rya genoside ku bantu bashobora kwandura. Izi ngamba zavuzwe haruguru zizafasha kumenya igihe cya Omicron ihinduka ishobora gutumizwa mu Bushinwa.

Ikibazo: Ni izihe nama z'umuntu ugomba guhangana na Omicron?
Igisubizo: OMS irasaba ko ibihugu byose byongera ingufu za COVID-19′s gukurikirana, gutanga raporo n’ubushakashatsi, no gufata ingamba zifatika z’ubuzima rusange kugira ngo virusi yanduze. Birasabwa ko abantu bafata ingamba zifatika zo gukumira indwara, harimo gukomeza intera byibura 1m ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, kwambara masike, gufungura amadirishya yo guhumeka, guhorana isuku, gukorora cyangwa kwitsamura inkokora cyangwa igitambaro cyimpapuro, gukingirwa, nibindi, kwirinda kujya ahantu hafite umwuka mubi cyangwa abantu benshi. Ugereranije nizindi mutant za VOC, ntiharamenyekana niba ubushobozi bwo kwanduza, kwanduza indwara no kwirinda indwara ya Omicron ihinduka. Ibisubizo byibanze bizaboneka mubyumweru bike biri imbere. Ariko, birazwi ko variants zose zishobora gutera uburwayi bukabije cyangwa urupfu, bityo kwirinda kwanduza virusi buri gihe ni urufunguzo. Urukingo rushya rw'ikamba ruracyafite akamaro mu kugabanya indwara zikomeye n'urupfu.

Ikibazo: Imbere yuburyo bushya bwa COVID-19, abaturage bakwiye kwitondera iki mumirimo yabo ya buri munsi?
Igisubizo: (1) Kwambara mask biracyari inzira nziza yo guhagarika kwanduza virusi, kandi biranakoreshwa muburyo bwa Omicron. Nubwo inzira yose yo gukingira no gutera inshinge yarangiye, birakenewe kandi kwambara masike ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, mu modoka zitwara abantu n’ahandi. Byongeye kandi, oza intoki kenshi kandi ukore akazi keza muguhumeka murugo. (2) Kora akazi keza mugukurikirana ubuzima bwawe bwite. Mugihe gikekwa ibimenyetso bishya bya coronavirus umusonga nkumuriro, inkorora, guhumeka neza, nibindi, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwumubiri no kuvurwa neza. (3) Kugabanya kwinjira no gusohoka bitari ngombwa. Mu minsi mike gusa, ibihugu byinshi nuturere twagiye dukurikirana raporo yatumijwe muri Omicron mutant. Ubushinwa nabwo buhura n’ingaruka zo gutumizwa muri iyi mutant, kandi ku isi hose gusobanukirwa niyi mutant biracyari bike. Niyo mpamvu, ingendo zijya ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane zigomba kugabanywa, kurinda umuntu kugiti cye bigomba gushimangirwa, kandi amahirwe yo kwandura mutant ya Omicron agomba kugabanuka.